Difference between β-NMN and α-NMN

There are many differences between β-NMN and α-NMN in chemical structure, biological activity and stability, which make β-NMN have more significant advantages in supplementing NAD+ and participating in physiological processes. Remember, eat β-NMN and stay away from α-NMN.

Chemical structure difference

1. Three-dimensional configuration

β-NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) : Chemically, β-NMN has a specific stereoconfiguration. The individual atoms in its molecular structure are arranged in a unique way in space, and this configuration allows β-NMN to effectively interact with specific enzymes and receptors in the organism.

α-NMN (α-nicotinamide mononucleotide) : The stereoconfiguration of α-NMN is different from that of β-NMN. This difference in configuration results in its distinct biological activity and metabolism from β-NMN.

2. Chemical bond Angle and length

In β-NMN, the angles and lengths of the bonds within the molecule are precisely arranged. For example, the Angle of the chemical bond attached to the niacinamide part helps maintain the stability of the molecule and enables electron transport and reaction in a specific way when participating in chemical reactions in the body.

For α-NMN, due to the difference in the Angle and length of its chemical bond, it is chemically different from β-NMN. These differences in chemical bonds may lead to differences between α-NMN and β-NMN in terms of chemical reactivity and stability in vivo.

Biological activity difference

1. Enzyme selectivity

β-NMN: β-NMN is a substrate that is preferentially recognized and utilized by related enzymes (such as NMNATs, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenosine transferase) in living organisms. Within the cell, β-NMN can be efficiently converted into NAD + by these enzymes, thus participating in numerous key physiological processes such as the cell's energy metabolism, DNA repair and so on. In neuronal cells, for example, the process by which beta-NMN is translated into NAD + is essential for maintaining the normal function and vitality of nerve cells.

α-NMN: α-NMN is difficult to recognize and convert in vivo by these specific enzymes. Due to the difference in its structure with β-NMN, it has a weaker ability to bind to the active center of the enzyme, resulting in a less efficient conversion of it into NAD +. This means that α-NMN is much less capable than β-NMN in supplementing the level of NAD +.

2. Cell uptake and utilization

β-NMN: Cells have a good uptake capacity for β-NMN. β-NMN can enter the cell through specific transporters on the cell membrane or other mechanisms, and then play a role in the cell. Once inside the cell, β-NMN is able to quickly participate in metabolic pathways in the cell, such as energy production in the mitochondria.

Alpha-nmn: Uptake of alpha-NMn by cells is relatively poor. Its structural characteristics may make it difficult to pass through cell membranes or to be utilized by cellular metabolic mechanisms. This makes α-NMN less efficient at playing a physiological role within cells and less able to improve cell function compared to β-NMN.

Stability difference

1. Chemical stability

β-NMN: Under normal physiological conditions, β-NMN has relatively good chemical stability. It can maintain the integrity of its molecular structure within a certain temperature and pH value range, thus ensuring its biological activity in the body. For example, in the human blood environment (pH of about 7.35-7.45), β-NMN can be stably present and transported to various tissues and organs.

α-NMN: The chemical stability of α-NMN is relatively poor. Some parts of its molecular structure may be more susceptible to external environmental factors (such as changes in temperature and pH value), resulting in changes in molecular structure or decomposition. This instability may affect its storage and transport in the body, reducing its actual bioavailability.

2. Metabolic stability

β-NMN: During metabolism in the body, β-NMN is relatively stable. It can be progressively translated into NAD + along normal metabolic pathways without producing excessive metabolic intermediates or by-products that interfere with normal physiological processes.

α-NMN: Because of its lower biological activity and structural differences, α-NMN may produce some abnormal metabolites when metabolized in the body, or it is easy to be broken down or excreted prematurely in the metabolic pathway, which affects its potential effect on the body.

Tag: NMN

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