The important role of glutathione itself in regulating stem cell life activities

Stem cells are a kind of special cell population in the human body, which can be divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. As a kind of cells with both self-renewal ability and multi-differentiation potential, they have very important theoretical research significance and clinical application value.

In recent years, the research on stem cells has made great progress, and the related research on the oxidative stress state of stem cells has attracted more and more attention. Oxidative stress is an important factor affecting the life activities of stem cells. Reactive oxygen species is an important molecule involved in regulating the oxidative stress state of cells, which can significantly affect the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells.

A large number of studies have confirmed that inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species in stem cells can block stem cell dysfunction. As the main antagonist of intracellular reactive oxygen species, glutathione also has important functions in the maintenance and regulation of stem cell functions.

Glutathione exists in two forms, namely reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione, which are the main redox pairs in animal cells. Reduced glutathione detoxifies endogenous and exogenous toxic substances under the catalysis of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, and can prevent stem cell damage.

Clinically, reduced glutathione is also widely used in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, tumors, neurological and endocrine diseases, and can reduce the secondary damage caused by the treatment. Glutathione metabolism mainly acts as a regulator of reactive oxygen species signaling by regulating redox-related sensitive elements in signaling.

It is precisely because of the connection between glutathione and reactive oxygen species, as well as the important role of glutathione itself in regulating the life activities of stem cells, that changes in its concentration level will affect the normal physiological functions of stem cells.

Article source: Huang Chenwei, Fei Yankang, Zhu Mengmei, Li Penghao, Yu Bing. The important role of glutathione in stem cell "stemness" and regulation [J]. Chinese Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(07): 1119-1124.

Tag: glutathione

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