The widespread presence of L-carnosine

L-carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and its analogs (such as homocarnosine and anserine) are naturally active dipeptides widely found in mammalian brains,L-Carnosine muscles and other important tissues. Since the discovery of the active peptide for more than one hundred years,L-Carnosine a large number of studies have found or proved that L-carnosine has significant anti-oxidation, elimination of intracellular free radicals,L-Carnosine anti-aging and other activities, and it is clinically used for hypertension and heart Adjuvant treatment of diseases,L-Carnosine senile cataracts, ulcers, anti-tumor, and promotion of wound healing. Because of its strong antioxidant activity,L-Carnosine low toxic and side effects and various physiological activities, the active peptide and its derivatives have been widely used in the fields of medicine,L-Carnosine health care, hygiene, cosmetics, etc., and the market space is broad.

At present,L-Carnosine the production of L-carnosine mainly uses chemical synthesis. There are many existing chemical synthesis methods,L-Carnosine which can be divided into two main categories: (1) Use β-alanine to participate in the synthesis. The main route is to condense β-alanine with protected L-histidine after amino protection and carboxyl activation,L-Carnosine and then remove the protective group to obtain L-carnosine. Due to the difference of each protecting group,L-Carnosine this route leads to more synthetic routes. The commonly used method is to use phthalic anhydride and β-alanine to generate phthaloyl-β-alanine to protect the amino group,L-Carnosine and the carboxyl group reacts with thionyl chloride to generate phthaloyl-β-alanine. The acid chloride forms a peptide bond with the protected L-histidine and then deprotects the group to obtain the product. This route is more complicated, the yield is low,L-Carnosine the peptide bond is easily racemized during the formation of the peptide bond, which affects the purity of the product, and the solvent consumption is large,L-Carnosine which is easy to cause environmental pollution;

Reaction without β-alanine: The main principle is that L-histidine first forms peptide bonds with different β-alanine precursors,L-Carnosine and then is further converted into carnosine. The commonly used route is under the action of sodium alkoxide, L-histidine and ethyl cyanoacetate undergo an acylation reaction to obtain cyanoacetyl-L-histidine,L-Carnosine which is reduced by catalytic hydrogenation to obtain L-carnosine. This route is relatively simple, omits the process of protecting and deprotecting different groups,L-Carnosine and avoids the occurrence of racemization reaction, but it requires anhydrous operation and strict requirements. At the same time,L-Carnosine ethyl cyanoacetate is an environmental toxic substance,L-Carnosine which is easy to cause water pollution and toxic reactions.

Tag: L-carnosine

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