Mar 14, 2025 / Author: China Glutathione suppliers & NMN manufacturers
With the rapid development of anti-aging research, the newly proposed "NAD+ Universe 3.0" theory in 2025 marks a new stage of human cognition of aging mechanism.
This theory not only revealed the central role of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in the regulation of systemic aging, but also included organs such as small intestine and adipose tissue into the systemic anti-aging network for the first time.
As a key precursor of NAD+, NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) plays a role in the "fast charge of energy" in this theory.
Five key issues to focus on:
"NAD+ Universe 3.0" proposes for the first time a multi-layer feedback loop model of systemic aging, the core of which lies in the synergy of four major organizations:
Acting as a "central processor", it integrates NAD+ signals and coordinates metabolism throughout the body.
The concentration of NAD+ directly affects the activity of SIRT1 (longevity protein) and PARP1 (DNA repair enzyme).
The new "fast charge pump" efficiently absorbs NMN through the Slc12a8 transporter and increases the level of NAD+ precursors in the blood circulation within 5 minutes.
The decline of intestinal epithelial function due to aging may exacerbate NAD+ depletion.
It secretes "power generation capsules" (extracellular vesicles) containing eNAMPT, which slowly release NAD+ synthetic raw materials through the blood to maintain the long-term function of the brain, pancreas and other organs.
As an intermediary of energy metabolism, the hypothalamus receives instructions through the sympathetic nerve and feeds the metabolic state back to the central system.
Anti-aging needs to shift from single-organ intervention to systematic regulation, and the rapid absorption of NMN (small intestine) complements the long-acting effect of eNAMPT (fat), which is the key to future intervention strategies.
Recent studies have revealed that the small intestine (especially jejunum and ileum) is the core site of NMN absorption, and its efficiency depends on the expression of Slc12a8 transporter.
The experiment shows that:
In mice with Slc12a8 knocked out, NMN absorption rate decreased by 70% and muscle atrophy rate increased by 40%.
In the elderly group, Slc12a8 activity is generally decreased, resulting in oral NMN bioavailability is only 1/3^2 of that of young people.
Activation of Slc12a8 through gene editing or specific compounds, such as resveratrol, restored metabolic markers to middle-aged levels in older mice.
Practical advice: When selecting NMN supplements, attention should be paid to whether the formulation contains ingredients that promote Slc12a8 activity (such as quercetin, curcumin), and sublingual or enteric solutions should be preferred to bypass the absorption bottleneck.
Traditionally, white fat is an "accomplice" of metabolic diseases, but "NAD+ Universe 3.0" reveals its anti-aging potential:
- ENAMpT-EVS secretion: eNAMPT vesicles released by young adipocytes increased hypothalamic NAD+ levels by 30% and extended mouse lifespan by 10.5%.
- Regulation of inflammation balance: Adipose tissue inhibits the NF-κB pathway through SIRT1, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors. In the fasting state, the secretion of the eNAMPT increased by 2 times and significantly delayed neurodegeneration.
- Clinical breakthrough: A 2025 Nature study showed that injecting eNAMPT-EVs from a young donor could reverse cognitive function by 50% in mice models of Alzheimer's disease.
Contradiction and balance: Excessive fat loss may weaken eNAMPT secretion, while visceral fat accumulation can lead to chronic inflammation.
It is recommended to maintain a "healthy threshold" of fat tissue through intermittent fasting and moderate exercise.
Although the safety of NMN has been clinically validated (e.g., no side effects in a single dose of 500mg ^4), "NAD+ Universe 3.0" reveals new challenges:
- Dose window: Excessive supplementation may lead to nicotinamide buildup and inhibit SIRT1 activity.
Animal studies have shown that long-term intake of more than 300mg/kg body weight accelerates telomere shortening.
- Coordinated intervention: NMN supplementation alone restored only 60% of NAD+ levels, and was combined with eNAMPT activators (e.g. Spermidine) or mitochondrial optimizers (e.g. PQQ) to achieve system-wide synergies.
- Individual differences: The NMN absorption rate of populations carrying SLC12A8 gene mutation can be up to 5 times different, and it is necessary to develop a personalized program through genetic testing in the future.
Industry news: In 2025, the China Health Commission restarted the approval of NMN as a food additive, but its application specifications still need to wait for clinical data to be perfected.
"NAD+ Universe 3.0" points out three major paths for the next generation of anti-aging technology:
The NMN-eNAMPT complex encapsulated in liposome was developed to enable the brain NAD+ increase rate to break the blood-brain barrier limit (existing technology can only increase by 15%).
Enhanced expression of Slc12a8 in the small intestine, or eNAMPT in adipose tissue, by CRISPR technology has achieved a 12% increase in lifespan in primates.
Integrate NAD+ metabolic markers with epigenetic clock data to accurately assess individual aging rates and dynamically adjust intervention regimen7.
Supplier Introduction: China glutathione supplier and NMN manufacturer GSHworld, the company mainly develops biotechnology and industrialization. As a global pioneer in enzymatic catalytic ATP regeneration technology, our company advocates green production and is committed to providing customers with better and more environmentally friendly products and services. Glutathione Manufacturer,NMN Factory,Citicoline Sodium supplier,China NMN manufacturers
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