How should NMN fight against decay?

Aging is an inevitable natural process that people need to face. Although aging is the natural order of life, as science continues to advance, we have more understanding and expectations about how to slow down the process.

On September 15, 2024, a new study published in J Zhejiang Univ Sci B by a number of expert teams from the PLA Medical College, the PLA General Hospital, Hebei Medical University, etc., deeply explored the anti-aging mechanism of niacinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and its application prospects in improving human health.

Research progress of NMN function and anti-aging effect

Biosynthesis and consumption of NMN

Our bodies can make a substance called NMN through vitamin B3-related compounds in food, which is a key precursor for the production of NAD+, which is essential for maintaining cell health and anti-aging.

NMN is converted to NAD+ in the body, but NAD+ is consumed by proteins such as sirtuins, PARP, and CD38 and converted to NAM, which can then be reused to make NMN, creating a cycle.

 
The detailed way NMN is converted to NAD+ and how NAD+ is consumed

Mechanism of NMN anti-aging

1. The role of NMN in cellular energy metabolism

By increasing the NAD+/NADH ratio in cells, NMN enhances mitochondrial function, promotes the oxidation of fatty acids and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain, thus improving the energy metabolism of cells.

It is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

① Improve mitochondrial function: NMN enhances mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondrial DNA replication, increasing mitochondrial DNA copy number.

② Regulation of metabolic pathways: NMN can regulate multiple metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism to maintain normal energy metabolism.

③ Reduce oxidative stress: NMN reduces inflammation and slows down the aging process by reducing the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).

 
Anti-aging mechanism of NMN. Mitochondrial function refers primarily to cell dependence, as does mitochondrial quality control and cellular energy supply

2. The role of NMN in immune regulation and apoptosis

With age, the body's immune response decreases, especially the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, which can affect the body's resistance to cancer and viral infections.

By regulating the metabolism of immune cells, NMN enhances immune function and alleviates the process of immune aging.

NMN can also play an anti-aging role by regulating apoptosis, mainly through the following aspects:

① Enhance the function of immune cells: NMN can enhance the function of immune cells by regulating their metabolism.

② Regulation of apoptosis: NMN reduces apoptosis by enhancing PARP activity and SIRT1-mediated histone modification, maintaining chromosome structure and stability.

3. The role of NMN in DNA damage repair

The role of NMN in DNA damage repair is realized through its metabolite NAD+.

NAD+ is a key cofactor that regulates DNA repair enzymes and affects genomic stability through:

①As a cofactor of DNA repair: NAD+ interacts with a variety of DNA repair enzymes to promote DNA repair.

② As a signaling molecule: NAD+ is involved in cellular stress response, regulating gene expression and cellular metabolism.

③ Antioxidant effect: NAD+ acts as an antioxidant to protect cell DNA from free radical damage.

 
Signaling pathway of anti-aging effect of NMN. How to improve the level of NAD+, and then activate SIRT1, and how to influence the signaling pathway to play an anti-aging role

Sum up

As a compound with remarkable anti-aging effect, NMN has great potential in improving energy metabolism, regulating immune response, and maintaining genome stability.

However, there are still some limitations in the current research, and future studies will further explore the mechanism of action and clinical application prospects of NMN, providing new strategies for delaying aging and treating age-related diseases, and making greater contributions to the cause of human health.

References:

[1] Wang M, Cao Y, Li Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Deng Z, Zhu L, Kang H. Research advances in the function and anti-aging effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2024 Sep 15;25(9):723-735.

Tag: NMN

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